Biofabrication of Thick Vascularized Neo-Pedicle Flaps for Reconstructive Surgery.
Stephens, C., Spector, J.A., Butcher, J.T.
Translational Medicine. 2019 Sep;211:84-122. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 21. Review. PMID: 31170376.

Calpain 9 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in TGFb-Induced Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis.
David H. Kim, James D. Beckett, Varun Nagpal, Manuel A. Seman-Senderos, Russell A. Gould, Tyler J. Creamer, Elena Gallo MacFarlane, Yichun Chen, Djahida Bedja, Jonathan T. Butcher, Wayne Mitzner, Rosanne Rouf, Shoji Hata, Daniel S. Warren, Harry C. Dietz.
Science Translational Medicine. 2019 Jul 17;11(501). pii: eaau2814. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau2814. PMID: 31316008.

Spatial regulation of valve interstitial cell phenotypes within three-dimensional micropatterned hydrogels.
Duan, B., Xu, C., Das, S., Chen, J.M., and Butcher, J.T.
ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 2019 [In press].

Systematic analysis of the smooth muscle wall phenotype of the pharyngeal arch arteries during their reorganization into the great vessels and its association with hemodynamics.
Ryvlin, J.*, Lindsey, S.E.*, and Butcher, J.T.
Anatomical Record. s;302(1):153-162. doi: 10.1002/ar.23942. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
*These authors contributed equally to this work. PMID: 30312026 PMCID: PMC6312499.

ROBO4 variants predispose individuals to bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm.
Gould RA, Aziz H, Woods CE, Seman-Senderos MA, Sparks E, Preuss C, Wünnemann F, Bedja D, Moats CR, McClymont SA, Rose R, Sobreira N, Ling H, MacCarrick G, Kumar AA, Luyckx I, Cannaerts E, Verstraeten A, Björk HM, Lehsau AC, Jaskula-Ranga V, Lauridsen H, Shah AA, Bennett CL, Ellinor PT, Lin H, Isselbacher EM, Lino Cardenas CL, Butcher JT, Hughes GC, Lindsay ME; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics; MIBAVA Leducq Consortium, Mertens L, Franco-Cereceda A, Verhagen JMA, Wessels M, Mohamed SA, Eriksson P, Mital S, Van Laer L, Loeys BL, Andelfinger G, McCallion AS, Dietz HC.
Nat Genet. 2019 Jan;51(1):42-50. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0265-y. Epub 2018 Nov 19. PMID: 30455415 PMCID: PMC6309588.

Cardiac regeneration following cryoinjury in the adult zebrafish targets a maturation-specific biomechanical remodeling program.
Yu, J.K., Sarathchandra, P., Chester, A., Yacoub, M., Brand, T., and Butcher, J.T.
Scientific Reports 2018 Oct 23;8(1):15661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33994-8. PMID: 30353076. PMCID: PMC6199254

Cohort-based multiscale analysis of hemodynamic-driven growth and remodeling of the embryonic pharyngeal arch.
Lindsey, S., Butcher, JT*, and Vingon-Clementel, I*.
Development 2018 Oct 17;145(20). pii: dev162578. DOI: 10.1242/dev.162578. PMID: 30333235
*Co-corresponding author. Featured in a Research Spotlight, Cover Article.  *Co-corresponding author. Cover Article with Science Profile.

The root problem of heart valve engineering
Butcher JT
Sci Transl Med. 2018 May 9;10(440). pii: eaat5850. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat5850

Crystallinity of hydroxyapatite drives myofibroblastic activation and calcification in aortic valves
Jennifer M. Richards, Jennie A.M.R. Kunitake, Heather B. Hunt, Alexa N. Wnorowski, Debra W. Lin, Adele L.Boskeyc, Eve Donnelly, Lara A. Estroff, Jonathan T. Butcher
Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 71, 15 April 2018, Pages 24-36

Monocytes and macrophages in heart valves: Uninvited guests or critical performers?
Sraeyes Sridhar, Duc H.Pham, Terence W. Gee, Joanna Hua, Jonathan T. Butcher
Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 5, March 2018, Pages 82-89

Mechanotransduction Mechanisms in Mitral Valve Physiology and Disease Pathogenesis
Leah A. Pagnozzi and Jonathan T. Butcher
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2017; 4: 83

The optimal shape of an aortic heart valve replacement – on the road to the consensus
Dorota Wojciechowska, Albert Ryszard Liberski, Piotr Wilczek, Jonathan Butcher, Michael Scharfschwerdt, Ziyad Hijazi,  Jarosław Kasprzak,  Philippe Pibarot, Richard Bianco
QScience Connect 2017, 3, 1

Nanofiber-Structured Hydrogel Yarns with pH-Response Capacity and Cardiomyocyte-Drivability for Bio-Microactuator Application
Shaohua Wu; Bin Duan; Xiaohong Qin; Jonathan T. Butcher
Acta Biomater. 2017 Jul 18

 

Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes
Scuderi GJ, Butcher J
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017 May 5;5:50. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050. eCollection 2017. Review.

Heart Function and Hemodynamics Analysis for Zebrafish Embryos
Yalcin HC, Amindari A, Butcher JT, Althani A, Yacoub M.
Dev Dyn. 2017 Mar 1

Notch-Tnf signalling is required for development and homeostasis of arterial valves.
Wang Y, Wu B, Farrar E, Lui W, Lu P, Zhang D, Alfieri CM, Mao K, Chu M, Yang D, Xu D, Rauchman M, Taylor V, Conway SJ, Yutzey KE, Butcher JT, Zhou B.
Eur Heart J. 2017 Mar 1;38(9):675-686.

Developmental mechanisms of aortic valve malformation and disease.
Wu B, Wang Y, Xiao F, Butcher JT, Yutzey KE, Zhou B.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2017 Feb 10;79:21-41

Optimizing Photo-Encapsulation Viability of Heart Valve Cell Types in 3D Printable Composite Hydrogels.
Kang LH, Armstrong PA, Lee LJ, Duan B, Kang KH, Butcher JT.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Feb;45(2):360-377

Award Winner in the Young Investigator Category, 2017 Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, April 0508, 2017: Lymph node stiffness-mimicking hydrogels regulate human B-cell lymphoma growth and cell surface receptor expression in a molecular subtype-specific manner
Apoorva, FNU; Tian, YF; Pierpont, TM; Bassen, DM; Cerchietti, L; Butcher, JT; Weiss, RS; Singh, A
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A, 105 (7):1833-1844; 10.1002/jbm.a.36031 JUL 2017

 

JuPOETs: a constrained multiobjective optimization approach to estimate biochemical model ensembles in the Julia programming language.
Bassen DM, Vilkhovoy M, Minot M, Butcher JT, Varner JD.
BMC Syst Biol. 2017 Jan 25;11(1):10.

 

Matrix stiffening promotes a tumor vasculature phenotype.
Bordeleau F, Mason BN, Lollis EM, Mazzola M, Zanotelli MR, Somasegar S, Califano JP, Montague C, LaValley DJ, Huynh J, Mencia-Trinchant N, Negrón Abril YL, Hassane DC, Bonassar LJ, Butcher JT, Weiss RS, Reinhart-King CA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 29. pii: 201613855. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1613855114. [Epub ahead of print], PMID: 28034921

Living Nano-Micro Fibrous Woven Fabric/Hydrogel Composite Scaffolds for Heart Valve Engineering
Shaohua Wu, Bin Duan, Xiaohong Qin, Jonathan T. Butcher
Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 51, 15 March 2017, Pages 89–100

Population Heterogeneity in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Is Controlled by NFAT and Phosphorylated Sp1.
Gould R, Bassen DM, Chakrabarti A, Varner JD, Butcher JT.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2016 Dec 27;12(12):e1005251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005251. PMID: 28027307

Valve interstitial cell tensional homeostasis directs calcification and extracellular matrix reModeling processes via RhoA signaling.
Farrar, EJ; Pramil, V; Richards, JM; Mosher, CZ; Butcher, JT
BIOMATERIALS, 105 25-37; 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.034 OCT 2016

Comparative Analysis of Metallic Nanoparticles as Exogenous Soft Tissue Contrast for Live In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging of Avian Embryonic Morphogenesis.
Gregg CL, Butcher JT.
Dev Dyn. 2016 Jul 22. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24433. [Epub ahead of print], PMID: 27447729

 

Fabrication of Aligned Nanofiber Polymer Yarn Networks for Anisotropic Soft Tissue Scaffolds.
Wu S, Duan B, Liu P, Zhang C, Qin X, Butcher JT.
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8 (26), pp 16950–16960. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05199, Publication Date (Web): June 15, 2016

Cadherin-11 Overexpression Induces Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Calcification in Mature Aortic Valves.
Sung DC, Bowen CJ, Vaidya KA, Zhou J, Chapurin N, Recknagel A, Zhou B, Chen J, Kotlikoff M, Butcher JT.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016 Jun 16. pii: ATVBAHA.116.307812. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27312222

Active tissue stiffness modulation controls valve interstitial cell phenotype and osteogenic potential in 3D culture.
Duan B, Yin Z, Hockaday Kang L, Magin RL, Butcher JT.
Acta Biomater. 2016 Mar 3. pii: S1742-7061(16)30091-5. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.007. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26947381

Side-Specific Endothelial-Dependent Regulation of Aortic Valve Calcification: Interplay of Hemodynamics and Nitric Oxide Signaling
JM Richards, I El-Hamamsy, S Chen, Z Sarang, P Sarathchandra, MH Yacoub, AH Chester, and JT Butcher. Am J Path

 

Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of live avian embryonic morphogenesis via micro-computed tomography
Henning AL, Jiang MX, Yalcin HC, Butcher JT . Developmental Dynamics

 Quantitative Three-Dimensional Imaging of Live Avian Embryonic Morphogenesis Via Micro-computed Tomography.pdf

 

Hemodynamic patterning of the avian atrioventricular valve
Yalcin HC, Shekhar A, McQuinn TC, Butcher JT. Developmental Dynamics

 Hemodynamic Patterning of the Avian Atrioventricular Valve.pdf

 

Transforming growth factor b, bone morphogenetic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor mediate phenotype maturation and tissue remodeling by embryonic valve progenitor cells: relevance for heart valve tissue engineering
Chiu YN, Norris RA, Gretchen M, Recknagel A, Butcher JT. Tissue Engineering

 Transforming growth factor b, bone morphogenetic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor mediate phenotype maturation and tissue remodeling by embryonic valve progenitor cells.pdf

 

Two-photon microscopy-guided femtosecond-laser photoablation of avian cardiogenesis: noninvasive creation of localized heart defects
Yalcin HC, Shekhar A, Nishimura N, Rane AA, Schaffer CB, Butcher JT. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

 Two-photon microscopy-guided femtosecond-laser photoablation of avian cardiogenesis- noninvasive creation of localized heart defects.pdf

 

An ex-ovo chicken embryo culture system suitable for imaging and microsurgery applications (Video Journal)
Yalcin HC, Shekhar A, Rane AA, Butcher JT. Journal of Visualized Experiments

 

Use of ultrasound imaging to map propagating action potential waves in the heart
Otani NF, Singh R, Neumann A, Fenton FH, Infanger DW, Butcher JT, Luther S, Gilmour Jr RF. Computing in Cardiology

 Use of ultrasound imaging to map propagating action potential waves in the heart.pdf

 

Mechanobiology of the aortic valve
Butcher JT, Simmons CA, Warnock JN. Journal of Heart Valve Disease

 Mechanobiology of the aortic valve.pdf

 

Neonatal and adult cardiovascular pathophysiological remodeling and repair
Norris RA, Borg TK, Butcher JT, Markwald RR. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

 Neonatal and adult cardiovascular pathophysiological remodeling and repair .pdf

 

Cyclic strain regulates pro-inflammatory protein expression in porcine aortic valve endothelial cells. (Abstract)
Metzler SA, Pregonero CA, Butcher JT, Burgess SC, Warnock JN. Journal of Heart Valve Disease

 

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro-computed tomography
Butcher JT, Sedmera D, Guldberg RE, Markwald RR. Developmental Dynamics

 Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro-computed tomography.pdf

 

Periostin promotes atrioventricular mesenchyme matrix invasion and remodeling mediated by integrin signaling through rho/pi 3-kinase
Butcher JT, Norris RA, Hoffman S, Mjaatvedt CH, Markwald RR. Developmental Biology

 Periostin promotes atrioventricular mesenchyme matrix invasion and remodeling mediated by integrin signaling through rho:pi 3-kinase .pdf

 

Transitions in early embryonic atrioventricular valvular function correspond with changes in cushion biomechanics that are predictable by tissue composition
Butcher JT, McQuinn TC, Sedmera D, Turner D, Markwald RR. Circulation Research

 Transitions in early embryonic atrioventricular valvular function correspond with changes in cushion biomechanics that are predictable by tissue composition .pdf

 

The next frontier in cardiovascular developmental biology – an integrated approach to adult disease?
Markwald RR, Butcher JT. Nature Clinical Practice – Cardiovascular Medicine

 The next frontier in cardiovascular developmental biology – an integrated approach to adult disease?.pdf

 

Valvular endothelial cells and the mechanoregulation of valvular pathology
Butcher JT, Nerem RM. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences

 Valvular endothelial cells and the mechanoregulation of valvular pathology.pdf

 

Valvulogenesis: the moving target
Butcher JT, Markwald RR. Philophical Transaction of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

 Valvulogenesis- the moving target.pdf

 

Equibiaxial strain stimulates fibroblastic phenotype shift in smooth muscle cells in an engineered tissue model of the aortic wall
Butcher JT, Barrett BC, Nerem RM. Biomaterials

 Equibiaxial strain stimulates fibroblastic phenotype shift in smooth muscle cells in an engineered tissue model of the aortic wall .pdf

 

Valvular endothelial cells regulate the phenotype of interstitial cells in co-culture: effects of steady shear stress
Butcher JT, Nerem RM. Tissue Engineering

 Valvular endothelial cells regulate the phenotype of interstitial cells in co-culture- effects of steady shear stress.pdf

 

Transcriptional profiles of valvular and vascular endothelial cells reveals phenotypic differences: influence of shear stress
Butcher JT, Tressel S, Johnson T, Turner D, Sorescu G, Jo H, Nerem RM. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

 Transcriptional profiles of valvular and vascular endothelial cells reveals phenotypic differences- influence of shear stress.pdf

 

Unique morphology and focal adhesion development of valvular endothelial cells in static and fluid flow environments
Butcher JT, Penrod AM, Garcia AJ, Nerem RM. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

 Unique morphology and focal adhesion development of valvular endothelial cells in static and fluid flow environments.pdf

 

Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells in three-dimensional culture: comparison of phenotype with aortic smooth muscle cells
Butcher JT, Nerem RM. Journal of Heart Valve Disease

 Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells in three-dimensional culture- comparison of phenotype with aortic smooth muscle cells.pdf

 

Cyclic Mechanical Loading Is Essential for Rac1-Mediated Elongation and Remodeling of the Embryonic Mitral Valve.
Gould RA, Yalcin HC, MacKay JL, Sauls K, Norris R, Kumar S, Butcher JT.
Curr Biol. 2016 Jan 11;26(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.033. Epub 2015 Dec 24. PMID: 26725196

Mitral valve disease–morphology and mechanisms.
Levine RA, Hagége AA, Judge DP, Padala M, Dal-Bianco JP, Aikawa E, Beaudoin J, Bischoff J, Bouatia-Naji N, Bruneval P, Butcher JT, Carpentier A, Chaput M, Chester AH, Clusel C, Delling FN, Dietz HC, Dina C, Durst R, Fernandez-Friera L, Handschumacher MD, Jensen MO, Jeunemaitre XP, Le Marec H, Le Tourneau T, Markwald RR, Mérot J, Messas E, Milan DP, Neri T, Norris RA, Peal D, Perrocheau M, Probst V, Pucéat M, Rosenthal N, Solis J, Schott JJ, Schwammenthal E, Slaugenhaupt SA, Song JK, Yacoub MH; Leducq Mitral Transatlantic Network.
Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015 Dec;12(12):689-710. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.161. Epub 2015 Oct 20. Review. PMID: 26483167

Growth and hemodynamics after early embryonic aortic arch occlusion.
Lindsey SE, Menon PG, Kowalski WJ, Shekhar A, Yalcin HC, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB, Butcher JT, Pekkan K.
Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2015 Aug;14(4):735-51. doi: 10.1007/s10237-014-0633-1. Epub 2014 Nov 23. PMID: 25416845

Cadherin-11 coordinates cellular migration and extracellular matrix remodeling during aortic valve maturation.
Bowen CJ, Zhou J, Sung DC, Butcher JT.
Dev Biol. 2015 Nov 1;407(1):145-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.012. Epub 2015 Jul 16. PMID: 26188246

Current progress in tissue engineering of heart valves: multiscale problems, multiscale solutions.
Cheung DY, Duan B, Butcher JT.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15(8):1155-72. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1051527. Epub 2015 Jun 1. Review. PMID: 26027436

Targeted Mybpc3 Knock-Out Mice with Cardiac Hypertrophy Exhibit Structural Mitral Valve Abnormalities.
Judge DP, Neamatalla H, Norris RA, Levine RA, Butcher JT, Vignier N, Kang KH, Nguyen Q, Bruneval P, Perier MC, Messas E, Jeunemaitre X, de Vlaming A, Markwald R, Carrier L, Hagège AA.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2015;2(2):48-65. Epub 2015 Apr 21. PMID: 26819945

Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Source Differentiation Toward Human Pediatric Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells within 3D Engineered Matrices.
Duan B, Hockaday LA, Das S, Xu C, Butcher JT.
Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2015 Aug;21(8):795-807. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2014.0589. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PMID: 25594437

Endothelial-derived oxidative stress drives myofibroblastic activation and calcification of the aortic valve.
Farrar, E.J.; Huntley, G.D., and Butcher, J.T.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 13;10(4):e0123257

 

Micro/nano-computed tomography technology for quantitative dynamic, multi-scale imaging of morphogenesis.
Gregg CL, Recknagel AK, Butcher JT.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1189:47-61. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1164-6_4. PMID: 25245686

Endothelial retention and phenotype on carbonized cardiovascular implant surfaces.
Frendl CM, Tucker SM, Khan NA, Esch MB, Kanduru S, Cao TM, García AJ, King MR, Butcher JT.
Biomaterials. 2014 Sep;35(27):7714-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.075. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PMID: 24952977

3D printed hydrogel technologies for tissue engineered heart valves.
Hockaday, L., Duan, B., Kang, K., and Butcher, J.
3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. September 2014, 1(3): 122-136.

Mechanical regulation of cardiac development.
Lindsey SE, Butcher JT, Yalcin HC.
Front Physiol. 2014 Aug 21;5:318. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00318. eCollection 2014. Review. PMID: 25191277

Effects of shear stress pattern and magnitude on mesenchymal transformation and invasion of aortic valve endothelial cells.
Mahler GJ, Frendl CM, Cao Q, Butcher JT.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2014 Nov;111(11):2326-37. doi: 10.1002/bit.25291. Epub 2014 Aug 5. PMID: 24898772

The influence of external free energy and homeostasis on growth and shape change.
Buskohl, P., Butcher, J.T., and Jenkins, J.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 64: 338-350. Volume 64

The living aortic valve: from molecules to function.
Chester, A.H., El-Hamamsy, I., Butcher, J.T.
Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. 2014 Jan 29;2014(1):52-77

Characterization of Multiple Myeloma Clonal Cell Expansion and Stromal Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Hyaluronic acid based 3D Hydrogel
Narayanan, N.K., Duan, B., Butcher, J.T.,
In Vivo. 2014 Jan-Feb;28(1):67-73.

 

Cadherin-11 expression patterns in heart valves associate with key functions during embryonic cushion formation, valve maturation and calcification.
Zhou J, Bowen C, Lu G, Knapp Iii C, Recknagel A, Norris RA, Butcher JT.
Cells Tissues Organs. 2013;198(4):300-10. doi: 10.1159/000356762. Epub 2013 Dec 20.

Heterogeneous Susceptibility of Valve Endothelial Cells to Mesenchymal Transformation in Response to TNFa
EJ Farrar, JT Butcher.

Ann. Biomed. Eng. Jan;42(1):149-61

Translational paradigms in scientific and clinical imaging of cardiac development.
Gregg CL, Butcher JT.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013 Jun;99(2):106-20. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21034. Review.

Method for non-optical quantification of in situ local soft tissue biomechanics.
Tarsi GM, Gould RA, Chung JA, Xu AZ, Bozkurt A, Butcher JT.
J Biomech. 2013 Jul 26;46(11):1938-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.05.014. Epub 2013 Jun 19.

Stiffness and adhesivity control aortic valve interstitial cell behavior within hyaluronic acid based hydrogels.
Duan B, Hockaday LA, Kapetanovic E, Kang KH, Butcher JT.
Acta Biomater. 2013 Aug;9(8):7640-50. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.050. Epub 2013 May 3.

Quantitative optimization of solid freeform deposition of aqueous hydrogels.
Kang KH, Hockaday LA, Butcher JT.
Biofabrication. 2013 Sep;5(3):035001. doi: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035001. Epub 2013 May 2.

Three-dimensional printed trileaflet valve conduits using biological hydrogels and human valve interstitial cells.
Duan B, Kapetanovic E, Hockaday LA, Butcher JT.
Acta Biomater. 2014 May;10(5):1836-46. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.005.

Hierarchical approaches for systems modeling in cardiac development.
Gould RA, Aboulmouna LM, Varner JD, Butcher JT.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2013 May-Jun;5(3):289-305. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1217. Epub 2013 Mar 5. Review.

Valvular endothelial cells inhibit calcification of valvular interstitial cells in mechanically stressed 3D culture.
Richards, J., Eli-Hamamsy, I., Chen, S., Yacoub, M.H., Chester, A.H., and Butcher. J.T.
American Journal of Pathology May;182(5):1922-31.

Multidisciplinary inquiry-based learning using an ex-ovo chicken culture platform: Role of vitamin A on embryonic morphogenesis.
Buskohl, P.R., Gould, R. A., Curran, S., Archer, S., and Butcher, J.T.
The American Biology Teacher. 2012 Nov/Dec. 74(9): 636-643.

Inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial to mesenchymal transformation in valve endothelial cells via Akt/NFkB.
Mahler, G.J., Farrar, E., and Butcher, J.T.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2013 Jan;33(1):121-30.

3D Bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels
Duan B, Hockaday LA, Kang KH, Butcher JT.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2013 May;101(5):1255-64